What are the distinctive clinical features of cri-du-chat syndrome?

Cri-du-chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5.

The main clinical feature is a high-pitched monochromatic cat-like cry that usually disappears in the first years of life.

Microcephaly, broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, and micrognathia are typical physical features.

Severe psychomotor and mental retardation are present in most cases.

Congenital heart conditions, such as atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, are common.

Orofacial anomalies include mandibular microretrognathia, high palate, variable malocclusion, and enamel hypoplasia.

Craniofacial morphology shows skeletal class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism.

Ocular manifestations such as peripheral avascular retina and retinal hemorrhages have been documented.

Developmental delays and other malformations, such as laryngomalacia and strabismus, are associated with the syndrome.